COMPUTER

• DATA REPRESENTATION - 

Memory Units:

4 bit = 1 nibble
8 bit = 1 byte
1024 B = 1 KB (Kilo Byte)
1024 KB = 1 MB (Mega Byte)
1024 MB = 1 GB (Giga Byte)
1024 GB = 1 TB (Tera Byte)
1024 TB = 1 PB (Peta Byte)
1024 PB = 1 XB (Exa Byte)
1024 XB = 1 ZB (Zeta Byte)
1024 ZB = 1 YB (Yota Byte)

bit < Byte < KB < MB < GB < TB < PB < XB < ZB < YB

• bit (b)
• Byte (B)

Mbps – mega bits per sec.
MBps – mega Bytes per sec.

1. The information you put into the computer is called Data
2. Information of a computer is stored as Digital Data
3. A number system defines a set of values that is used to represent Quantity
4. In which number system, the modern computers are operated?

Binary Number System

1. Name the most significant bit, which represent 1 and 0 for a positive number and negative number, respectively.

Sign Bit

1. Which coding scheme represents data in a binary form in the computer system? ASCII, EBCDIC and Unicode are the most commonly used codes under this scheme.

Binary Coding Scheme

• EBCDIC is a 8-Bit code with 256 different representations of characters. It is mainly used in mainframe computers.
• EBCDIC stands for Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code
• In the Hexadecimal Number System each number represents a power of 16. To represent the decimal numbers, this system uses numbers from 0 to 9 and characters from A to F to represent numbers 10-15, respectively. It is commonly used as a shortcut notation for groups of four binary digits
• BCD is a method that represents the decimal digits with the help of binary digits. It takes advantage that one decimal numeral can be represented by 4-bit pattern. BCD stands for Binary Coded Decimal
• This coding system is used to represent the interval storage area of the computers. In this system, every character is represented by a combination of bits. Binary Coding System
• The Base or Radix of the decimal number system is 10
• The arithmetic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication and division) performed on the binary numbers is called Binary Arithmetic
• What is the standard code the computer industry created to represent characters? American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII)
• ASCII is a code used for standardizing the storage and transfer of information amongst various computing devices.
• It is required for representing more than 64 characters. At present, the mostly used coding systems are ASCII and EBCDIC
• Which code is also known as Reflected Code? Gray Code
• The 7-bit ASCII code is widely used for Two (0 or 1)
• In the binary language, each letter of the alphabet, each number and each special character is made up of a unique combination of Eight Bits.

GENERATIONS OF COMPUTER:-

1. Which was the first general purpose computer, designed to handle both numeric and textual information? Universal Automatic Computer (UNIVAC) (1951)

First Generation (1940-1956) Vacuum Tubes:

1. The first computers used vacuum tubes for circuitry and magnetic drums for memory, and were often enormous, taking up entire rooms.
2. The UNIVAC and ENIAC computers are examples of first-generation computing devices. 
3. In first generation of computer, this operating system allowed only one program to run at a time and a number of input jobs are grouped for processing. It is known as Batch Processing.

Second Generation (1956-1963) Transistors:

1. Transistors replaced vacuum tubes and ushered in the second generation of computers.

Third Generation (1964-1971) Integrated Circuits:

1. The development of the integrated circuit was the hallmark of the third generation of computers. Transistors were miniaturized and placed on silicon chips, called semiconductors, which drastically increased the speed and efficiency of computers.

Fourth Generation (1971-Present) Microprocessors:

1. The microprocessor brought the fourth generation of computers, as thousands of integrated circuits were built onto a single silicon chip.
2. What in the first generation filled an entire room could now fit in the palm of the hand
3. Fourth generation computers also saw the development of GUIs, the mouse and handheld devices

Fifth Generation (Present and Beyond) Artificial Intelligence:

1. Fifth generation computing devices, based on artificial intelligence, are still in development, though there are some applications, such as voice recognition, that are being used today.
2. In 1981 IBM introduced its first computer for the home user, and in 1984 Apple introduced the Macintosh.

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• Important Computer Extensions :-

Text Files
.log: Log File
.wpd: WordPerfect Document
.odt:  OpenDocument Text Document
.pages:  Pages Document
.doc:  Microsoft Word Document
.docx:  Microsoft Word Open XML Document
.tex:  LaTeX Source Document
.wps:  Microsoft Works Word Processor Document
.msg:  Outlook Mail Message
.rtfRich:  Text Format File
.txtPlain:  Text File

Data Files
.vcf:  vCard File
.dat:  Data File
.pptx:  PowerPoint Open XML Presentation
.sdf:  Standard Data File
.tar:  Consolidated Unix File Archive
.csv:  Comma Seperated Values File
.xml:  XML File
.pps:  PowerPoint Slide Show
.ppt:  PowerPoint Presentation

Audio Files
.aif:  Audio Interchange File Format
.mpa:  MPEG-2 Audio File
.ra:  Real Audio File
.iff:  Interchange File Format
.wav:  WAVE Audio File
.wma:  Windows Media Audio File
.mp3:  MP3 Audio File

Video Files
.avi:  Audio Video Interleave File
.3gp3:  GPP Multimedia File
.flv:  Flash Video File
.mpg:  MPEG Video File
.vob:  DVD Video Object File
.mp4:  MPEG-4 Video File
.3g:  23GPP2 Multimedia File
.m4:  viTunes Video File

• Computer - Some Important Abbreviations

        

AAC—Advanced Audio Coding

Al – Artificial intelligence

ALGOL – Algorithmic Language

ARP – Address resolution Protocol

ASCII – American Standard Code for Information Interchange
AARP—AppleTalk Address Resolution Protocol
AAL—ATM Adaptation Layer
ADT—Abstract Data Type
AROS—AROS Research Operating System
ARP—Address Resolution Protocol
ARPA—Address and Routing Parameter Area
ARPA—Advanced Research Projects Agency
ARPANET—Advanced Research Projects Agency Network

BINAC  - Binary Automatic Computer

BCC – Blind Carbon Copy

BASIC - Beginner’s All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code

BIOS – Basic Input Output System

Bit – Binary Digit

BSNL – Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited
bin—binary
BINAC—Binary Automatic Computer
BIND—Berkeley Internet Name Domain
BT—Bluetooth

CPU - This stands for the Central Processing Unit of the computer. This is like the computer’s brain.

CC – Carbon Copy
cc—C Compiler
CD—Compact Disc
CDE—Common Desktop Environment
CDMA—Code Division Multiple Access
CDN—Content Delivery Network

CAD – Computer Aided Design

COBOL – Common Business Oriented Language

CD – Compact Disc

CRT – Cathode Ray Tube 

CDR – Compact Disc Recordable

CDROM – Compact Disc Read Only Memory 

CDRW – Compact Disc Rewritable
CGA—Color Graphics Array

CDR/W – Compact Disk Read/Write
DAO—Data Access Object
DAO—Data Access Objects
DAO—Disk-At-Once

DBA – Data Base Administrator

DBMS – Data Base Management System 

DNS – Domain Name System

DPI – Dots Per Inch

DRAM – Dynamic Random Access Memory

DVD – Digital Video Disc/Digital Versatile Disc

DVDR – DVD Recordable

DVDROM – DVD Read Only Memory

DVDRW – DVD Rewritable

DVR – Digital Video Recorder

DOS – Disk Operating System
DTP—Desktop Publishing
DTR—Data Terminal Ready

EBCDIC – Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code
EGA—Enhanced Graphics Array
EGP—Exterior Gateway Protocol
eID—electronic ID card
EIDE—Enhanced IDE

e-Commerce – Electronic Commerce

EDP – Electronic Data Processing

EEPROM – Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory

ELM/e-Mail – Electronic Mail

ENIAC - Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer 

EOF - End Of File 

EPROM - Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory 

EXE - Executable 

FAX - Far Away Xerox/ facsimile

FDC - Floppy Disk Controller 

FDD - Floppy Disk Drive
FDC—Floppy Disk Controller
FDS—Fedora Directory Server

FORTRAN - Formula Translation
FOSS—Free and Open Source Software

FS - File System 

FTP - File Transfer Protocol

Gb - Gigabit 

GB - Gigabyte 

GIF - Graphics Interchange Format 

GSM -  Global System for Mobile Communication
Gas—GNU Assembler
GNU—GNU's Not Unix
GIS—Geographic Information System
GWT—Google Web Toolkit

HDD - Hard Disk Drive 

HP - Hewlett Packard

HTML - Hyper Text Markup Language 

HTTP - Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
HT—Hyper Threading
HLASM—High Level ASseMbler
HMA—High Memory Area
HP—Hewlett-Packard

IBM - International Business Machine 

IM - Instant Message

IMAP - Internet Message Access Protocol 

ISP - Internet Service Provider
IP—Intellectual Property
IrDA—Infrared Data Association
IRI—Internationalized Resource Identifier
IRP—I/O Request Packet
IRC—Internet Relay Chat

JPEG - Joint Photographic Experts Group
JCL—Job Control Language

Kb - Kilobit 

KB - Kilobyte 

KHz - Kilohertz 

Kbps - Kilobit Per Second
KM—Knowledge Machine
KRL—Knowledge Representation Language
KVM—Keyboard, Video, Mouse

LCD – Liquid Crystal Display

LED – Light Emitting Diode

LPI – Lines Per Inch

LIS – Large Scale Integration

Mb – Megabit

MB – Megabyte

MPEG – Moving Picture Experts Group

MAC - This is an abbreviation for Macintosh, which is a type of personal computer made by the         Apple Computer company.

MMS – Multimedia Message Service

MICR – Magnetic Ink Character reader

MIPS – Million Instructions Per Second

NIC – Network Interface Card

NOS – Network Operating System

OMR – Optical Mark Reader

OS - This is the Operating System of the computer. It is the main program that runs on a computer      and begins automatically when the computer is turned on. 

OOP – Object Oriented Programming

OSS – Open Source Software

PAN – Personal Area Network

PC – Personal Computer

PDA - Personal Digital Assistant

PDF – Portable Document Format

POS – Point Of Sale

PNG - Portable Network Graphics

PPM – Pages Per Minute

PPP – Point-to-Point Protocol

PROM – Programmable Read Only Memory

PSTN – Public Switched Telephone Network

POST – Power On Self Test

PING – Packet Internet Gopher

RAM – Random Access Memory

RDBMS – Relational Data Base Management System

RIP – Routing Information Protocol

RTF – Rich Text Format

SMTP – Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

SQL – Structured Query Language

SRAM – Static Random Access Memory

SNMP – Simple Network Management Protocol

SIM – Subscriber Identification Module

TCP – Transmission Control Protocol

TB – Tera Bytes

UPS – Uninterrupted Power Supply

URI – Uniform Resource Identifier

URL – Uniform Resource Locator

USB -  Universal Serial Bus 

ULSI - Ultra Large Scale Integration

UNIVAC - Universal Automatic Computer

VAR – Variable

VGA – Video Graphics Array

VSNL – Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited

VDU – Visual Display Unit

Wi-Fi – Wireless Fidelity

WLAN – Wireless Local Area Network

WPA – Wi-Fi Protected Access

WWW – World Wide Web

WORM – Write Once Read Many

WYSIWYG - This initialism stands for What You See Is What You Get.  It is pronounced                                          "wizziwig" and basically means that the printer will print what you see on your                                     monitor.

XHTML – eXtensible Hyper text Markup Language

XML -  eXtensible Markup language

ZB – Zeta Byte

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• KonradZuse invented the World’s first computer was named as the Z1 in 1936. It was the First freely programmable computer.
• The first computer game was “Spacewar!".  This game was programmed by Steve Russell and first released in February 1962.
• Jack Kilby& Robert Noyce develop the first Integrated Circuit (The Chip) in 1958
• In 1954 John Backus & IBM develop first successful high level programming language FORTRAN Computer Programming Language
• ARPAnet the first Internet connectivity started in 1969.
• WordStar Software is the first release of Word Processors application developed by Seymour Rubenstein & Rob Barnaby in 1979.
• Apple Lisa Computer is the first home computer with a GUI (graphical user interface) in 1983
• The first web browser was invented by Sir Tim Berners-Lee in 1990. It was called WorldWideWeb (no spaces) and was later renamed Nexus.
• The first search engine created was Archie, in 1990 by Alan Emtage, a student of McGill University in Montreal.
• On Aug. 6, 1991, Tim Berners-Lee published the first internet site from CERN, the world’s largest physics lab in Geneva, Switzerland.
• The first supercomputer was the Control Data Corporation (CDC) 6600 with a single CPU. It was released in 1964.
• India's first supercomputer is PARAM 8000, which was installed in 1991.
• NVIDIA's Tesla computer was launched in London in December 2008 is first personal supercomputer.
• The first banner advertising was used in 1994.
• The E-mail is older than the World Wide Web.
• The first domain name ever registered was Symbolics.com.
• Rich Skrenta generated the first computer virus in February 1982. He is the author of Elk Cloner, the first computer virus to be released outside of the lab.
• The first version of Excel was released for the Mac in 1985 and the first Windows version was released in November 1987.
• Nobody can create a folder named “Con” in windows system.
• TYPEWRITER is the longest word that can be made using the letters only on one row of the keyboard
• Each Excel worksheet holds 1,048,576 rows and 16, 384 columns which makes 17,179,869,184 cells per worksheet.

• Connecting to the Internet

FTP - This is a service called File Transport Protocol which moves a file between computers using the Internet.

HTML - HyperText Markup Language formats information so it can be transported on the Internet.   

HTTP - Hypertext Transfer Protocol is a set of instructions for the software that controls the movement of files on the Internet.

IP - This stands for Internet Protocol which is the set of rules that govern the systems connected to the Internet. IP Address is a digital code specific to each computer that is hooked up to the Internet. 

ISP - The Internet Service Provider is the company which provides Internet service so you can connect your computer to the Internet.

LAN - This stands for Local Area Network which is the servers that your computer connects to in your geographic area.

PPP - Point-to-Point Protocol is the set of rules that allow your computer to use the Internet protocols using a phone line and modem. 

URL - This is the Uniform Resource Locator which is a path to a certain file on the World Wide Web.

USB - The Universal Serial Bus is used for communications between certain devices. It can connect keyboards, cameras, printers, mice, flash drives, and other devices. Its use has expanded from personal computers to PDAs, smartphones, and video games, and is used as a power cord to connect devices to a wall outlet to charge them.

VR - Virtual Reality simulates a three-dimensional scene on the computer and has the capability of interaction. This is widely used in gaming.

VRML - Virtual Reality Mark-up Language allows the display of 3D images.

Computer Fundamental MCQs

1. Which of the following computer implemented binary numbers, perform calculations using electronics and implemented separate computation and memory for the first time?
A) Mark I
B) ABC
C) Z3
D) None of above

2. FORTRAN is a programming language. What does FORTRAN stand for?
A) File Translation
B) Format Translation
C) Formula Translation
D) Floppy Translation

3. Which of the following memories needs refreshing?
A) SRAM
B) DRAM
C) ROM
D) All of above

4. Can you tell what passes into and out from the computer via its ports?
A) Data
B) Bytes
C) Graphics
D) Pictures

5. An output device that uses words or messages recorded on a magnetic medium to produce audio response is
A) Magnetic tape
B) Voice response unit
C) Voice recognition unit
D) Voice band

6. Which of the items below are considered removable storage media?
A) Removable hard disk cartridges
B) (Magneto-optical) disk
C) Flexible disks cartridges
D) All of the above

7. Which of the following is not purely output device?
A) Screen
B) Printer
C) Speaker
D) Plotter

8. Who developed a mechanical device in the 17th century that could add, subtract, multiple, divide and find square roots?
A) Napier
B) Babbage
C) Pascal
D) Leibniz

9. The first Macintosh computer was from.
A) First generation
B) Second generation
C) Third generation
D) Fourth generation

10. Which of the following is not a form of data?
A) numbers and characters
B) images
C) sound
D) none of above

11. Which is not a computer classification?
A) mainframe
B) maxframe
C) mini
D) notebook

12. The control unit of a microprocessor.
A) Stores data in the memory
B) Accepts input data from keyboard
C) Performs arithmetic/logic function
D) None of above

13. Which of the following is internal memory?
A) Disks
B) Pen Drives
C) RAM
D) CDs

14. Which operation is not performed by computer
A) Inputting
B) Processing
C) Controlling
D) Understanding

15. Floppy disks which are made from flexible plastic material are also called?
A) Hard disks
B) High-density disks
C) Diskettes
D) Templates

16. The magnetic storage chip used to provide non-volatile direct access storage of data and that have no moving parts are known as.
A) Magnetic core memory
B) Magnetic tape memory
C) Magnetic disk memory
D) Magnetic bubble memory

17. A collection of related instructions organized for a common purpose is referred to as.
A) File
B) Database
C) Program
D) None of above

18. Plotter accuracy is measured in terms of repeatability and.
A) Buffer size
B) Resolution
C) Vertical dimensions
D) Intelligence

19. Computer instructions written with the use of English words instead of binary machine code is called.?
A) Mnemonics
B) Symbolic code
C) Gray codes
D) Opcode

20. Which language is directly understood by the computer without translation program?
A) Machine language
B) Assembly language
C) High level language
D) None of above

21. On which aspect the analog computers are better than digital?
A) Speed
B) Accuracy
C) Reliability
D) Automatic

22. Which of the following processors use RISC technology?
A) 486dx
B) Power PC
C) 486sx
D) 6340

23. Which of the following machine was not invented by Charles Babbage?
A) Tabulating Machine
B) Analytical Engine
C) Difference Engine
D) Both C and D

24. How many numbers could ENIAC store in its internal memory.
A) 100
B) 20
C) 80
D) 40

25. The subject of cybernetics deals with the science of.
A) Genetics
B) Control and communication
C) Molecular biology
D) Biochemistry

26. Why ABC is considered electro-mechanical computer?
A) Because it was invented before electronic computers were developed
B) Because there are wheels, drums, bars to rotate and move to produce result
C) Because they use the flow of electrons in different component
D) None of above

27. Binary circuit elements have.
A) One stable state
B) Two stable state
C) Three stable state
D) None of above

28. Which of the following is used for manufacturing chips?
A) Control bus
B) Control unit
C) Parity unit
D) Semiconductor

29. Which of the following is not a micro computer?
A) Laptop PCs
B) Tablet PCs
C) Desktop PCs
D) None of above

30. The value of each bead in earth is.
A) 1
B) 3
C) 5
D) 7

31. When did John Napier develop logarithm?
A) 1416
B) 1614
C) 1641
D) 1804

32. Which of the following terms is the most closely related to main memory?
A) Non volatile
B) Permanent
C) Control unit
D) Temporary

33. Which was the world’s first minicomputer and when was it introduced?
A) PDP-I, 1958
B) IBM System/36, 1960
C) PDP-II, 1961
D) VAX 11/780, 1962

34. A group of magnetic tapes, videos or terminals usually under the control of one master is.
A) Cylinder
B) Surface
C) Track
D) Cluster

35. The word length of a computer is measured in.
A) Bytes
B) Millimeters
C) Meters
D) Bits

36. What type of memory is not directly addressable by the CPU and requires special softw3are called EMS (expanded memory specification)?
A) Extended
B) Expanded
C) Base
D) Conventional

37. Which unit holds data permanently?
A) Input unit
B) Secondary storage unit
C) Output Unit
D) Primary Memory Unit

38. Before a disk can be used to store data. It must be_______
A) Formatted
B) Reformatted
C) Addressed
D) None of the above

39. Computer system comprises of major units.
A) input unit, output unit, control unit
B) input unit, output unit, control unit and storage
C) input unit, output unit, central processing unit and storage unit
D) input, output and storage units

40. The first general purpose electronic digital computer in the world was.
A) UNIVAC
B) EDVAC
C) ENIAC
D) All of above

41. Signals can be analog or digital and a computer that processes the both type of signals is known as.
A) Analog computer
B) Digital Computer
C) Hybrid Computer
D) Mainframe Computer

42. High level language is also called.
A) Problem oriented language
B) Business oriented language
C) Mathematically oriented language
D) All of the above

43. Human beings are referred to as Homosapinens, which device is called Silico Sapiens?
A) Monitor
B) Hardware
C) Robot
D) Computer

44. Which of the following file organization is most efficient for a file with a high degree of file activity?
A) Sequential
B) ISAM
C) VSAM
D) B-Tree Index

45. Which of the following is associated with error detector?
A) Odd parity bit
B) Even parity bit
C) Both of the above
D) None of above

46. Magnetic tape can serve as.
A) Secondary storage media
B) Output media
C) Input media
D) All of the above

47. Which company is the biggest player in the microprocessor industry?
A) Motorola
B) IBM
C) Intel
D) AMD

48. The first digital computer built with IC chips was known as.
A) IBM 7090
B) Apple ? 1
C) IBM System / 360
D) VAX-10

49. EBCDIC can code up to how many different characters?
A) 256
B) 16
C) 32
D) 64

50. MICR stands for.
A) Magnetic Ink Character Reader
B) Magnetic Ink Code Reader
C) Magnetic Ink Cases Reader
D) None

51. Number crunchier is the informal name for.
A) Mini computer
B) Super computer
C) Microcomputer
D) Mainframe computer

52. RATS stand for.
A) Regression Analysis Time Series
B) Regression Analysis Time Sharing
C) Real Analysis Series
D) All of above

53. Which technology is used in Compact disks?
A) Mechanical
B) Electrical
C) Electro Magnetic
D) Laser

54. Different components of the motherboard of a PC unit are linked together by sets of parallel electrical conducting lines. What are these lines called?
A) Conductors
B) Buses
C) Connectors
D) Consecutive

55. Which is the first electronic digital computer?
A) ENIAC
B) MARK I
C) Z3
D) ABC

56. Which of the following is a storage device?
A) Tape
B) Hard Disk
C) Floppy Disk
D) All of the above

57. The metal disks, which are permanently housed in, sealed and contamination free containers are called.
A) Hard disks
B) Floppy disk
C) Winchester disk
D) Flexible disk

58. A computer program that converts an entire program into machine language is called a/an.
A) Interpreter
B) Simulator
C) Compiler
D) Commander

59. Intel corporation produces chips for which computers?
A) IBM PCs
B) Apple/Macintosh PCs
C) Both of above
D) None of above

60. The first microprocessor built by the Intel corporation was called.
A) 8008
B) 8080
C) 4004
D) 8800

61. Which of the following is not a class of computers based on size?
A) Mainframe Computers
B) Mini Computers
C) Micro Computers
D) Super Computers

62. Who invented EDSAC?
A) John v. Neumann
B) J.p. Eckert and John Mauchley
C) Maurice Wilkes
D) Howard Aiken

63. EEPROM stands for.
A) Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory
B) Electronic Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory
C) Easily Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory
D) Easily Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory

64. Which of the following is a class of computers based on model?
A) Digital Computer
B) Hybrid Computers
C) Analog Computers
D) AT Computers

65. What are the computers called that performs calculations and comparisons usually in the binary numbering system?
A) Analog Computers
B) Digital Computers
C) Hybrid Computers
D) None of above

66. ASCII stands for.
A) American Standard Code for Information Interchange
B) American Scientific Code for International Interchange
C) American Standard Code for Intelligence Interchange
D) American Scientific Code for Information Interchange

67. The data recording format in most of the modern magnetic tape is.
A) 7-bit ASCII
B) 7-bit EBCDIC
C) 8-bit ASCII
D) 8-bit EBCDIC

68. Why ABC computer is called so?
A) Because it was developed by Atanasoff and Berry
B) Because it was thought to be the first computer so named with first alphabets of English
C) Both of above are the reason to name the computer ABC
D) None of above are true

69. Who designed the first electronics computer ? 
A) Von Neumann
B) Joseph M Jacquard
C) J. P. Eckert and J. W. Mauchly
D) All of above

70. Central Processing Unit is combination of.
A) Control and storage
B) Control and output unit
C) Arithmetic logic and input unit
D) Arithmetic logic and control unit

71. IBM 1401 computer was.
A) Mainframe Computer
B) Mini Computers
C) Micro Computers
D) None of above

72. Time during which a job is processed by the computer is.
A) Delay times
B) Real time
C) Execution time
D) Down time

73. CD-ROM stands for.
A) Compactable Read Only Memory
B) Compact Data Read Only Memory
C) Compactable Disk Read Only Memory
D) Compact Disk Read Only Memory

74. Which unit converts user data into machine readable form?
A) Input unit
B) Output unit
C) ALU
D) Control Unit

75. Which unit is known as nerve center of computer?
A) ALU
B) CU
C) Memory
D) Registers

76. What does the disk drive of a computer do?
A) Rotate the disk
B) Read the disk
C) Load a program from the disk into the memory
D) Both b and c

77. Access time is.
A) seek time + latency time
B) seek time
C) seek time
D) latency time

78. Who invented the microprocessor?
A) Marcian E Huff
B) Herman H Goldstein
C) Joseph Jacquard
D) All of above

79. MICR stands for.
A) Magnetic Ink Character Reader
B) Magnetic Ink Code Reader
C) Magnetic Ink Case Reader
D) None of the above

80. The Width of a processor’s data path is measured in bits. Which of the following are common data paths?
A) 8 bits
B) 12 bits
C) 16 bits
D) 32 bits

81. MSI is the abbreviation of.?
A) Medium Scale Integrated
B) Medium System Integrated
C) Medium Scale Intelligent
D) Medium System Intelligent

82. IMB launched its first personal computer called IBM-PC in 1981. It had chips from Intel, disk drives from Tandon, operating system from Microsoft, the printer from Epson and the application software from everywhere. Can you name the country which contributed.
A) India
B) China
C) Germany
D) Taiwan

83. Which statement is valid about interpreter?
A) It translates one instruction at a time
B) Object code is saved for future use
C) Repeated interpretation is not necessary
D) All of above

84. Easily reloctable language is?
A) Machine language
B) Assembly language
C) High level language
D) Medium level language

85. Which of the following memories needs refresh?
A) SRAM
B) DRAM
C) ROM
D) All of above

86. Through which device the main components of the computer communicate with each other?
A) Keyboard
B) System Bus
C) Monitor
D) Memory

87. What type of device is computer keyboard?
A) Memory
B) Output
C) Storage
D) Input

88. Which is the limitation of high level language?
A) Lower efficiency
B) Machine dependence
C) machine level coding
D) None of above

89. An example of a digital device can be?
A) Digital clock
B) Automobile speed meter
C) Clock with a dial and two hands
D) All of the above

90. Which of the following is not true?
A) Transistors are much smaller
B) Transistors produce low heat
C) Transistors were less reliable
D) Transistors were used in radios and other electronic devices

91. A characteristic of card systems is:
A) Slowness in processing data
B) Using cards as records of transactions
C) Needing a larger DP staff
D) All of the above

92. The full form of EEPROM is.
A) Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory
B) Easily Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory
C) Electronic Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory
D) None of the above

93. The original ASCII code used__bits of each byte, reserving that last bit for error checking
A) 5
B) 6
C) 7
D) 8

94. A computer programmer.
A) Does all the thinking for a computer
B) Can enter input data quickly
C) Can operate all types of computer equipments
D) Can draw only flowchart

95. Fifth generation computer is also known as.
A) Knowledge information processing system
B) Very large scale integration (VLSI)
C) Both of above
D) None of above

96. The commonly used standard data code to represent alphabetical, numerical and punctuation characters used in electronic data processing system is called.?
A) ASCII
B) EBCDIC
C) BCD
D) All of above

97. Which of the following have low failure rate?
A) mechanical devices
B) electronic devices
C) electro-mechanical devices
D) None of above

98. Which of the following memories need refresh?
A) SRAM
B) DRAM
C) ROM
D) All of the above

99. A typical personal computer used for business purposes would have__ of RAM.
A) 4 KB
B) 16 K
C) 64 K
D) 256 K

100. The ALU of a computer normally contains a number of high speed storage element called.?
A) Semiconductor memory
B) Registers
C) Hard disks
D) Magnetic disk

Following are the correct answers:

1-B 2-C 3-B 4-A 5-B 6-D 7-A 8-D 9-D 10-D
11-B 12-D 13-C 14-D 15-C 16-D 17-C 18-B 19-B 20-A
21-B 22-B 23-A 24-B 25-B 26-B 27-B 28-D 29-D 30-A
31-B 32-D 33-A 34-D 35-D 36-B 37-B 38-A 39-C 40-A
41-C 42-D 43-D 44-A 45-C 46-A 47-C 48-C 49-A 50-A
51-b 52-A 53-D 54-B 55-D 56-D 57-C 58-C 59-A 60-C
61-D 62-C 63-A 64-D 65-B 66-A 67-D 68-B 69-C 70-D
71-A 72-C 73-D 74-A 75-B 76-D 77-A 78-A 79-A 80-A
81-A 82-D 83-A 84-B 85-B 86-B 87-D 88-A 89-A 90-C
91-D 92-A 93-C 94-A 95-A 96-D 97-B 98-B 99-D 100-B